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The Muqaddimah

Ibn Khaldun

Historical sociology / state formation

It is a founding text of social science and theories of the state, centuries ahead of its time in method.

Synopsis

A pioneering work of historical sociology analyzing how dynasties rise and fall through group solidarity, geography, and the cycles of civilization.

Core passage idea

Paraphrase · Public domain

States rise on the strength of group solidarity and fall as luxury and settled comfort erode it over a few generations.

It offers a secular, cyclical science of politics and history, explaining power through social cohesion rather than divine favor or chance.

To avoid a bubble

Pair with Francis Fukuyama, The Origins of Political Order.

Reading note

Read it as the introduction to a larger history; the concept of group feeling, asabiyya, is the key to everything.

Best paired with

Francis Fukuyama, The Origins of Political Order

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