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On Liberty

John Stuart Mill

Liberalism

One of the cleanest defenses of individual liberty, free expression, and limits on social or state coercion.

About the author

English philosopher and political economist (1806–1873), the preeminent liberal theorist of the 19th century. Mill's work ranges from logic and economics to ethics and political philosophy. He extended Benthamite utilitarianism toward a more qualitative account of human development, and co-authored The Subjection of Women with Harriet Taylor Mill — one of the earliest feminist arguments for equality in the canon.

Synopsis

A defense of individuality, free speech, experiments in living, and limits on coercion by both the state and public opinion.

Quote to notice

Direct quote · Public domain

“Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.”

This is the liberal instinct in its clearest form: people should not be controlled simply because others think they are wrong.

To avoid a bubble

Pair with Burke, MacIntyre, or communitarian critiques of radical individualism.

Reading note

This is one of the best beginner-friendly entrances into liberal political thought.

Best paired with

Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France.

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