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Justice and the Politics of Difference

Iris Marion Young

Political theory / social justice

A major late-20th-century argument that justice requires attention to structural domination and group-based inequality, not only distribution.

About the author

American political philosopher (1949–2006), a major theorist of justice, democracy, and feminism. Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990) argues that justice is not only about distributing goods but about confronting structural oppression and domination — exploitation, marginalisation, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence — and that treating everyone 'the same' can entrench group-based injustice. A foundational text for theories of recognition and difference.

Synopsis

Young critiques distributive-only theories and offers a plural account of oppression, responsibility, and democratic inclusion.

Core passage idea

Paraphrase · Modern copyrighted work

Young argues that justice must confront institutionalized domination and oppression, not only unequal shares.

This anchors recognition, power, and institutional critique inside mainstream political theory.

To avoid a bubble

Pair with Rawls or Nozick to test distributive and rights-based alternatives.

Reading note

Best after a Rawls or Sen anchor.

Best paired with

A Theory of Justice by John Rawls.

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