Synopsis
Kant's compact founding statement of deontological ethics, deriving morality from reason and the categorical imperative rather than consequences or desire.
Core passage idea
Paraphrase · Public domainAct only on a principle you could will to become a universal law, and always treat humanity as an end in itself, never merely as a means.
It grounds moral worth in rational duty and human dignity, making right action independent of outcomes or inclination.
To avoid a bubble
Pair with Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation.
Reading note
Short but extremely dense; work through the argument step by step rather than expecting illustrative examples.
Best paired with
Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation