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For a New Liberty

Murray Rothbard

Anarcho-capitalism / libertarianism

The fullest popular manifesto of libertarianism in its most radical, anarcho-capitalist form. Rothbard builds everything from a single principle — the non-aggression principle, that no one may initiate force against another's person or property — and follows it relentlessly to the conclusion that even police, courts, and law could be provided by the free market, and the state abolished entirely. The boldest statement of the libertarian case.

About the author

American economist and political theorist (1926–1995), a leading figure of the Austrian School and the principal founder of modern anarcho-capitalism. Prolific across economics, history, and ethics, Rothbard pushed libertarianism to its most radical conclusions and profoundly shaped the contemporary libertarian movement.

Synopsis

Rothbard derives a complete political philosophy from self-ownership and the non-aggression principle, then applies it across the board: he argues for fully private property, the abolition of taxation as theft, and market provision of traditionally 'public' services including security and law. He presents anarcho-capitalism not as utopia but as the consistent application of liberty.

Core passage idea

Paraphrase · Modern copyrighted work

Rothbard argues that if it is wrong for an individual to coerce and take by force, it cannot become right merely because the actor is the state.

The whole anarcho-capitalist case rests on denying the state any moral exception: if aggression is wrong for individuals, taxation and coercive government are wrong too. Accept the premise and Rothbard's radical conclusions follow; the debate is over whether the premise can bear that weight.

To avoid a bubble

Pair with Hobbes and with any defender of public goods (and with left-anarchists like Kropotkin) for the argument that abolishing the state invites either chaos or private tyranny, and that some goods cannot be left to markets.

Reading note

Read it as the uncompromising extreme of the liberty tradition — useful precisely because it follows the logic all the way. Pair it with minarchist libertarians (Nozick, Friedman) to see where even libertarians disagree about the state.

Best paired with

Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia; Ludwig von Mises, Human Action.

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